Exam note - TESL

S SUBJECT =In a sentence, every verb must have a subject. If the verb expresses action—like sneeze, jump,bark, or study—the subject is who or what does the verb. 

VL LINKING VERB= Linking verbs do not express action. Instead, they connect the subject of the verb to additional information about the subject.

Vt TRANSITIVE VERB= A transitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like kick, want, paint, write, eat, clean, etc. Second, it must have a direct object, something or someone who receives the action of the verb.

sC SUBJECT COMPLPEMENT= A subject complement is the adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows a linking verb.

oC OBJECT COMPLEMENT= An object complement is an noun, pronoun, or adjective which follows a direct object and renames it or tells what the direct object has become. It is most often used with verbs of creating or nominating such as make, name, elect, paint, call, etc.

dO DIRECT OBJECT= A direct object will follow a transitive verb [a type of action verb]. Direct objects can be nouns,pronouns, phrases, or clauses. If you can identify the subject and verb in a sentence, then finding the direct object—if one exists—is easy. Just remember this simple formula:

subject + verb + what? or who? = direct object

verbal + what? or who? = direct object

iO INDERECT OBJECT= Indirect objects are rare. You can read for pages before you encounter one. For an indirect object to appear, a sentence must first have a direct object.

Direct objects follow transitive verbs [a type of action verb]. If you can identify the subject andverb in a sentence, then finding the direct object—if one exists—is easy. Just remember this simple formula:

subject + verb + what? or who? = direct object

A ADVERBIAL= An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs generally answer one of four questions: how, when, where, or to what extent.

Adding the suffix -ly to an adjective commonly turns the word into an adverb.